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Episiotomy is defined as a surgical incision made at the vagina to allow for passage of product of conception during delivery. It is usually done when the product of conception if too big to pass through the birth canal.   Procedures For Episiotomy Procedures for episiotomy include the following; It is a sterile procedure. Make […]

Family planning can be defined as health and welfare programme which enables fertile and infertile women to have and space child bearing period according to their health needs.   Types of Family Planning Method However now that we know the definition of family planning, let us take a good look at the different types of […]

First stage of labour is defined as the stage of cervical dilatation. However, it begins when there are regular rhythmic contraction and retraction of the uterus muscles and end with the full dilatation of cervix(10cm dilated). The Physiological  Processes That Occur During The First Stage of Labour Duration of Labour; this varies with individual and […]

Infant mortality rate is the number of registered deaths of infants under the age of one year for every 1000 live births registered in a given year. Causes of Infant Mortality Diarrhoea Acute respiratory infections. Malaria Measles Fever and its associated febrile convulsion. prematurity infection Anaemia Factors Responsible for Growth and Development in a Child […]

Mastitis can be defined as an infection of the breast characterized by  oedematous swelling  of the breast, hard mass and painful breast. Causes of Mastitis Maternal Causes Poor Breast Hygiene: if the breast are not properly cared for, they could be infected and once infection set  in, it leads too inflammation of the breast tissues. […]

Bad obstetric history simply implies previous unfavourable fetal outcome in terms of two or more consecutive spontaneous abortions, history of intrauterine fetal death, intrauterine growth retardation, still birth, early neonatal death and congenital anomalies. Possible Causes of Bad Obstetric History Bad obstetric history may be caused by some of the following; Genetic Hormonal Abnormal maternal […]

Obstetric shock can be defined as any loss of circulating fluid volume that is not compensated for, as in haemorrhage but may also occur when there is severe vomiting during pregnancy, labour and after labour.   What are The Major Causes of Obstetric Shock Haemorrhage; This may be due to abruptio placenta, inevitable abortion, ectopic […]

Occipito posterior position (OPP) can be defined as a cephalic presentation with the occiput pointing to any of the sacro-iliac joint(reduced occipito posterior position) or the hollow  of the sacrum(persistent occipito posterior position). In other word it is a mal-positioning and not a mal-presentation since it is the head that is presenting. What Are The […]

The best possible way of teaching post natal exercise is the demonstration/return demonstration method. However, the mother may only passively return the demonstration since they are just recovering from the stress of labour. Processes of Teaching Post Natal Exercise Objectives: At the end of the health education, the participant will be able to: Define post […]

Postpartum haemorrhage is defined as severe bleeding that occurs immediately after labour. However let us take a good look at the causes of postpartum haemorrhage and its risk factors. Causes / Risk Factors for Postpartum Haemorrhage Multiparity Retained product of conception. Polyhydramnios causing over-distension of uterine muscles. Prolonged labour resulting in uterine inertia. Precipitate labour. […]